Regulayer™ / The 156 laws / Courts & evidence
Federal Rules of Evidence · 901–902
Court self-authentication of electronic records.
What the signed record shows
The proof is a signed, tamper-evident record. Anyone can check it, without an account, and nothing has to leave the building to make it. Evidence, not a promise.
Citation: FRE 901(a)/901(b)(9)/902(13)/(14)/(11)-(12)
In the same family
What to do about it
A signed record of which AI you used and what you checked, sealed to the exact file you deliver, made on your own machine and checkable free by anyone you send it to.
Part of the Regulayer™ proof catalogue: 156 laws and standards, one sealed engine. This page is a product description, not legal advice.
What the statute requires, section by section
Federal Rules of Evidence, Article IX (Authentication and Identification). Provisions addressed, mapped from the per-decision signed record:
- Fed. R. Evid. 901(a)
- Requirement of authentication: the proponent must produce evidence sufficient to support a finding that the item is what the proponent claims.
- Fed. R. Evid. 901(b)(9)
- Evidence about a process or system: describing a process or system and showing that it produces an accurate result.
- Fed. R. Evid. 902(13)
- Certified records generated by an electronic process or system: self-authenticating with a certification by a qualified person that complies with Rule 902(11)/(12).
- Fed. R. Evid. 902(14)
- Certified data copied from an electronic device, storage medium, or file: authenticated by a process of digital identification (e.g. a hash), with a Rule 902(11)/(12) certification.
- Fed. R. Evid. 902(11)-(12), Certification requirements (the qualified person's written certification).
Taken from the Regulayer™ entry for this instrument, which is built against the primary text.